Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Culturally diverse Management - Essay Example The primary religions in China are Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, and Christianity. Buddhism is the most predominant. There are seven significant dialects utilized in China, with Mandarin being utilized by larger part of the populace. Hans Chinese is the greatest ethnic gathering. The rest incorporate Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, Uighur, Miao, Tibetan, Yi, among others. The significant ventures in China incorporate force (atomic, hydro, and warm) and assembling and autos businesses. Culturally diverse Theorists Geert Hofstede Geert Hofstede suggested that individuals contrast as far as a few measurements which incorporate force, manliness, cooperation, direction, vulnerability evasion, and guilty pleasure. The primary measurement is power separation. Force separation alludes to how much the subordinates in foundations and associations acknowledge the way that power dissemination is inconsistent. In societies where low force separation is affirmed, consultative force relations are normal. Individua ls in the association relate as equivalents. Subordinates take part in dynamic and can scrutinize their managers. Be that as it may, in nations with a powerful separation, the subordinates acknowledge authoritarian force relations (Hofstede 1980). The element of independence versus community is worried about the degree of solidification of people into gatherings. Nations that are individualistic accentuate on singular rights and individual achievements. People are relied upon to follow up on their own to safeguard themselves and their families. Countries that advance cooperation go about as a group. The element of vulnerability shirking versus resistance alludes to the level of decreasing vulnerability so as to oversee nervousness. People in social orders with high vulnerability shirking attempt to forestall uneasiness by carefully observing the standards and guidelines. People in societies with low vulnerability evasion have not many standards and incline toward unstructured and dy namic settings. These people acknowledge changes and are progressively coherent (Hofstede 1993). The manliness versus womanliness measurement is worried about the distinctions in sex jobs. People in manly social orders will in general underscore on power, intensity, aspiration, realism and self-assuredness. Ladylike situated social orders accentuate on personal satisfaction and connections. Social orders that stress on long haul direction center around what's to come. They advance qualities, for example, sparing, adjustment and steadiness, which will bring potential compensations. Then again, social orders that are transient situated advance qualities worried about the present and the past. Such qualities incorporate saving customs, dependability, and response. Another measurement is guilty pleasure versus restriction. Profoundly liberal social orders give individuals the opportunity to fulfill their wants and needs. In any case, social orders that underscore on limitation control a nd stifle the fulfillment of peoples’ wants and needs and are portrayed by exacting standards (Hofstede 1993). Fons

Guarantees Under Australian Consumer Law â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Guarantees Under Australian Consumer Law? Answer: Introducation The Australian Consumer Law is given in Schedule 2 of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 2010 (Cth). The law is appropriate on all business exchanges in Australia which have an estimation of beneath $40000. Anyway on items which have the estimation of more than $40000 the ACL is material on the off chance that promoting items have been bought exclusively for local and family purposes. As gave by the ACL items and administrations when bought have suggested ensures that they would be in understanding to what have been requested or what is commonly anticipated from the items. In the event that such inferred ensures are absent corresponding to merchandise and ventures the clients can practice their buyer rights. Under Consumer Warranties an item should be that of a worthy quality, must look adequate and must be corresponding to what is sensible anticipated from them. The merchandise must be suitable for the utilization they were mentioned for. Every single additional guarantee made alongside the merchandise likewise must be met by the venders. It is explicitly given by the ACL that any endeavors by a merchant to exclude buyer guarantees in an agreement are viewed as void. The disappointment by a merchant to fix or supplant the merchandise, not giving expense of substitution or comparable products or not giving installment to fixes is viewed as an endeavor to limit the risk for customer ensures. On account of Campbell v Lane (No 2) [2013] QCATA 307 it was decided by the court that the products sold by a merchant must be sensibly fit for the reveal reason. In the event that the words are not fit for the reason which have been examined by the purchaser while buying the words it would be a penetrate of shopper ensures and the purchasers would be qualified for remuneration. On account of Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCATA 047 it was given by the code that the consideration of a rejection statement into an agreement with limit the risk of the dealer to make a discount corresponding to the merchandise was not a legitimate term of the agreement as customer ensures can't be maintained a strategic distance from so the incorporation of an avoidance condition. Application For this situation Riviera had obviously given to QB4 while making the agreement that small kids are joining her and the organization should make vital courses of action to give them very young ladies which are sheltered and reasonable for them. Anyway the vehicles which were given to the youngsters hard broken financial aspects and structure issues as for the makers Tetrabikes. The vehicle was likewise not reasonable for small kids and was intended for an age gathering of 12 to 15 years of age youngsters. Riviera kid Kang was harmed in view of the utilization of such vehicle. Thusly for this situation unmistakably the merchandise gave by QB4 didn't coordinate the necessities which were referenced by Riviera. Also her kid have endured wounds. In this manner according to the standards of customer ensures she is qualified for a discount just as pay for the injury caused to her youngster. As talked about by the standards in the above case unmistakably a rejection condition can't be fused into the agreement which has been made to avoid the obligation copper basement as for customer ensures. Along these lines the prohibition condition which Quad bicycles endeavored to add into the agreement to avoid the risk as for harm or misfortune to the clients would not be held as a legitimate term of the agreement. In specific conditions an agreement is group to be released as a too winning circumstance which isn't in the control of the gatherings to an agreement has happened. As per the instance of Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 where there is an agreement among Y and Z where Y agrees to recruit Zs property on a particular night may bring about a disappointed agreement in the event that in light of Fire the property is demolished before the presentation date of agreement showed up. Just constrained conditions is convention of dissatisfaction is pertinent. According to disappointment the courts are for the most part and engineered on the off chance that the occasion would host been foreseen by the gatherings and the gatherings may have taken explicit activities against it polka Akcyjna v. Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd. [I9431 A.C. 32 As indicated by the arrangements of customary law incase disappointment of agreement set up it brings about programmed end of the agreement no choice to release or to perform in this way exists at precedent-based law. The misfortune which has come about out of such disappointment according to the standards of precedent-based law lies where it falls as indicated by Cantiare San Rocco S.A. v Clyde Shipbuilding Engineering Co. Ltd. (1924) A.C. 226. In the event of dissatisfaction of agreement the court must be fulfilled that there is no arrangement in the agreement with states that the agreement would proceed regardless of whether such occasion has happened. Anyway there is an exemption to the customary law rule of disappointment gave by the Frustrated Contract Act 1978 NSW. That expresses that disappointment releases the guarantee however just to the degree which is required to help a case for harms for infringement before dissatisfaction In the given Nicky has gone into an agreement with PMSC to give them a Boat which is exceptional so she can take the youngsters to see penguins. Anyway after two outings it has been given that according to the new guidelines become effective the pontoon needs to experience security adjustments and would not have the option to work for 3 months. It very well may be plainly given that these conditions outside the ability to control of both the gatherings to the agreement as such usage of laws would not host been constraining by either get-together to the agreement. Such conditions it very well may be given that PMSC has the privilege to end the agreement through the teaching of dissatisfaction. For this situation Nicky isn't qualified for get the cash she has paid to PMSC for the agreement as she has just benefited to trips. Anyway Nicky as indicated by the above talked about standards is qualified for guarantee $800 as she has paid $2000 and both the outings just expense $1200. End PMSC can end contract through disappointment Nicky is qualified for get remuneration of $800 References Akcyjna v. Fairbairn Lawson Combe Barbour Ltd. [I9431 Accounting. 32 Campbell v Lane (No 2) [2013] QCATA 307 Cantiare San Rocco S.A. v Clyde Shipbuilding Engineering Co. the board. (1924) A.C. 226. Disappointed Contract Act 1978 NSW Norman Enterprises Pty Ltd Leimo Australia v Deng [2013] QCATA 047 Timetable 2 of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 2010 (Cth). Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3

Types of Psychiatric Disorders

Types of Psychiatric Disorders Basics Print Types and Symptoms of Common Psychiatric Disorders By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on October 25, 2019 Ghislain Marie David de Lossy/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A psychiatric disorder is a mental illness diagnosed by a mental health professional that greatly disturbs your thinking, moods, and/or behavior and seriously increases your risk of disability, pain, death, or loss of freedom. In addition, your symptoms must be more severe than expected response to an upsetting event, such as normal grief after the loss of a loved one. Examples A large number of psychiatric disorders have been identified. Chances are that, whether or not you or someone close to you has been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, you know something about one or more of the following examples: DepressionPersonality disordersAnxiety disordersSchizophreniaEating disordersAddictive behaviors Symptoms Examples of ongoing signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders include: Confused thinkingReduced ability to concentrateDeep, ongoing sadness, or feeling “down”Inability to manage day-to-day stress and problemsTrouble understanding situations and other peopleWithdrawal from others and from activities you used to enjoyExtreme tiredness, low energy, or sleeping problemsStrong feelings of fear, worry, or guiltExtreme mood changes, from highs to lows, often shifting very quicklyDetachment from reality (delusions), paranoia (the belief that others are “out to get you,”) or hallucinations (seeing things that aren’t there)Marked changes in eating habitsA change in sex driveDrug or alcohol abuseExcessive anger, hostility, and/or violenceSuicidal thinking A psychiatric disorder may also cause physical symptoms, such as ?a  headache, back pain, or stomach pain. If you’re being evaluated for a psychiatric disorder, be sure to tell your doctor about any physical symptoms you’re having, including unexplained aches and pains. Types The following list describes the main types (often called classes or categories) of psychiatric disorders. Neurodevelopmental Disorders.  The many psychiatric disorders in this group usually begin in infancy or childhood, often before a child starts school. Examples include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and learning disorders.Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. Psychotic disorders cause detachment from reality. People with these diagnoses experience delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and speech. Schizophrenia is probably the best known of these illnesses, although detachment from reality can sometimes affect people with other psychiatric disorders.Bipolar and Related Disorders.  This group includes disorders in which episodes of mania (periods of excessive excitement, activity, and energy) alternate with periods of depression.Depressive Disorders. These include disorders characterized by feelings of extreme sadness and worthlessness, along with reduced interest in previously enjoyable activities. Examples inc lude major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is more severe than the more widely known premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS is not classified as a psychiatric disorder.Anxiety Disorders. Anxiety involves focusing on bad or dangerous things that could happen and worrying fearfully and excessively about them. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and phobias (extreme or irrational fears of specific things, such as heights).Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. People with these disorders experience repeated and unwanted urges, thoughts, or images (obsessions) and feel driven to taking repeated actions in response to them (compulsions). Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hoarding disorder, and hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania).Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. These psychiatric disorders develop during or after stressful or traumatic life events. Examples include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder.Dissociative Disorders.  These are disorders in which a person’s sense of self is disrupted, such as dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia.Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders. A person with one of these disorders may have distressing and incapacitating physical symptoms with no clear medical cause. (“Somatic” means “of the body.”) Examples include illness anxiety disorder, somatic symptom disorder (previously known as hypochondriasis), and factitious disorder.Feeding and Eating Disorders. These psychiatric disorders are disturbances related to eating, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.Elimination Disorders. Psychiatric disorders in this group relate to the inappropriate elimination (release) of urine or stool by accident or on purpose. Bedwetting (enuresis) is an example.Sleep-Wake Disorders. These are severe sleep disorders, including insomnia disorder, nightmare disord er, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome.Sexual Dysfunctions. These disorders of sexual response include such diagnoses as premature ejaculation, erectile disorder, and female orgasmic disorder.Gender Dysphoria. These disorders stem from the distress that goes with a persons stated desire to be a different gender. The diagnostic criteria in this group differ somewhat among children, adolescents, and adults.Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders. People with these disorders show symptoms of difficulty with emotional and behavioral self-control. Examples include kleptomania (repeated stealing) and intermittent explosive disorder.Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. People with these diagnoses have problems associated with excessive use of alcohol, opioids (for example, oxycodone and morphine), recreational drugs, hallucinogens, and six other types of drugs. This group also includes gambling disorder.Neurocognitive Disorders. These psychiatric disorders affect peop le’s ability to think and reason. The disorders in this group include delirium as well as disorders of thinking and reasoning caused by such conditions or diseases as traumatic brain injury or Alzheimers disease.Personality Disorders. A personality disorder involves a lasting pattern of emotional instability and unhealthy behaviors that seriously disrupt daily living and relationships. Examples include borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders.Paraphilic Disorders.  Many sexual-interest disorders are included in this group. Examples include sexual sadism disorder, voyeuristic disorder, and pedophilic disorder.Other Mental Disorders. This group includes psychiatric disorders that are due to other medical conditions or that dont meet all the requirements for any of the other psychiatric disorder groups. When Does a Mental Health Concern Become a Psychiatric Disorder? If youre like most people, you’ve probably had a mental health concern from time to time, such as depression following ?the  loss of a job. These concerns are typically time-limited, and eventually, you start to feel better. That’s not true of a psychiatric disorder, in which your symptoms are ongoing and frequently upsetting to you and the people around you. A psychiatric disorder also interferes with your ability to do day-to-day tasks. When the stress of trying to cope with your symptoms becomes more than you can handle, treatment typically involves a combination of medications and  psychotherapy  (also called talk therapy). The Best Online Therapy Services

Hunger in Ethiopia Essay - 1195 Words

How would you feel if your body slowly turns on you, devouring the cells that make up your very being? What would you do if you were so weak that you couldn’t even hold a loved one in your arms? How would you feel if you couldn’t think straight because the pain of hunger was so intense? What would you do..? Starvation results in a series of devastating events that can ultimately lead to death. When a person eats, the body extracts needed nutrients for cellular maintenance and repair. This requires energy which is provided for by the metabolism of the food. If we consume more than what is required at that time, our body stores the excess as adipose tissue or fat. This fat serves as a reserve of potential energy in times of a†¦show more content†¦The location and geography of the country has caused the people to experience famine after famine, leaving many to die from starvation. A famine is in definition, â€Å"A great shortage or an extreme scarcity of food over an extended period of time† (Webster). There are several different types of famine that occur in different types of the world. The type that Ethiopia generally goes through is called a Ravallion. During a Ravallion famine, there are unusually large amounts of causalities with extreme shortages of food i n certain parts of the population. There are many things that cause famine, whether it’s draught, plague, or civil disrupt. Right now, Ethiopia is experiencing a draught that has killed almost all of their crops. Because of the famines that Ethiopia experiences most every year, there is usually an increase in the amount of people malnourished. This year, 11to 14 million people are expected to go hungry leaving many to starve to death. Ethiopia has experienced many draughts like these, the worst however, being in 1983. This draught lasted two years and the draught alone killed over 400,000 people in one year, this doesn’t include the deaths that were due to starvation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia). Another factor that causes starvation in Ethiopia is its economy. Ethiopia is in and has always been in a very poor economic state. Crops account for 41% of the country’s GDP however; theShow MoreRelatedPoverty And The Hung er Epidemic1659 Words   |  7 Pagesliving. One such example is Ethiopia in Africa, and it is a hot zone of the hunger epidemic. Poor nutrition causes nearly half of the deaths in children under 5 ( 3.1 million children each year), as well as on a lesser note 1 in 4 of the world s children have their growth stunted because of hunger. Meanwhile agriculture is a staple in most economies and Ethiopia is without that suffering leaving it with no food security. Ethiopia is in dire need of help with its hunger problem because solving theRead MoreHunger in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Astonishing Truth Behind Starvation1717 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and hunger, and more than 90 percent of the people are suffering long term malnourishment. (World Health Organization) In addition to this, measles are taking the life of a boy almost every minute, when a measles vaccine cost less than $1. (WHO, World Health Organization) Things are moving in the wrong direction, says Marc Cohen (International F ood Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington). If we look at sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, all the projections are that poverty and hunger are goingRead MoreHunger Is A Growing Phenomenon1459 Words   |  6 Pagessatisfying the hunger level of the basic human hierarchical needs, hunger supersedes the mere headache, nausea, or mood irritability. We have coined the word – world hunger to group these individuals together, and quite frankly, for these individuals, their only concern in the world, is whether death or their next meal will come first. World hunger is a growing phenomenon that requires proper understating and a fighting effort from all members of the world as loving caring human beings. Hunger is a veryRead MoreEconomic Development Of A Country s Economy Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to the known developed countries like Germany, Norway, Canada etc. In Ethiopia the annual GDP per capita is $505 in 2013 (Indicators), while Libya’s annual GDP per capita is $11,964 in 2013 (Indicators) and the United States of America annual GDP per capita is $53,042 in 2013 (Indicators). Libya being one of countries in Africa that are above the average, when compared to the USA it is about 4 times poorer, Ethiopia is about 100 times poorer when compared to the USA, now this comparison doesRead MoreHunger in Africa905 Words   |  4 PagesRich Summative Task HUNGER IN AFRICA Christine Mande HEOR-02 Mr.Dragan January 18th 2013 Hunger is one of the most common problems in the world. It is such a dangerous thing. It kills more people in a year than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. Many countries struggle with famine and they don’t have much help either. Countries like Somalia, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Sudan are some of the countries that suffer from hunger more than others do. In Africa there are 60% of peopleRead MoreImproving Clean Water And Sanitation1651 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest is improving clean water and sanitation. The specific country of interest is Ethiopia, the landlocked country located at the horn of Africa. Although Ethiopia has experienced significant economic growth and declining poverty they are still susceptible to issues such as disease, climate related crisis, and drought. High rates of infant and maternal mortality remain as well as limited access to clean water. Ethiopia is the second most populated Sub-Saharan African country with 99.39 million inhabitantsRead MoreEthiopi A Country That Is Not Very Better?1127 Words   |  5 Pages6. Ethiopia Throughout our lives we tend to focus in the people that surround us, people in our neighborhood, city and country. We might know a few facts about different countries, but 90% of the information that we think we know is from movies, television, school, books, etc; it means that we are probably very far away from the reality. We live in a bubble were we think that everyone else has a life not very different from ours. You might hear about hunger, diseases or political issues in otherRead MoreWhat Are The Causes Of Famine In Four Countries764 Words   |  4 Pagessecurity issues, with Somalia at 2.9 million, South Sudan at 4.9 million, and Yemen with 14.1 million. These four countries have failed to come up with a solution to their famine problem similar to Kenya. In 2015, 1.6 million Kenyans suffered from hunger; now the number has risen by a substantial amount. In 2017, the number of Kenyans going hungry has doubled to 3 million. Although Kenya isn’t deemed one of the four countries with the most severe cases of famine, the crisis at hand, as well as theRead MoreEthiopi A Poor Resource Country986 Words   |  4 Pagesneed of advanced medical care. Ethiopia is located in the east-central part of Africa. Healthcare options are limited, running water is scarce, mortality rates are continually incre asing, nevertheless Ethiopia is continually making strides to solve these challenging issues. In the following portfolio, the author will examine structure and function of the major health care system while looking at the cultural practices that influence the health of the people in Ethiopia. Health Indicators In theRead MoreThe Rights Of Human Rights1599 Words   |  7 Pagesfull potential to end global hunger. Ethiopia, located in east Africa, is a land of many rich cultures, languages, and ethnic groups. It is the home to over 96 million people. The average rural household size is 5.1 people (World Bank, 11). A large percentage of farmers are smallholder, 50 acres or less, spread throughout the country. The landscape varies in different parts of the country. In the northwest and southeast regions, it is covered in highlands. Northern Ethiopia is where the Great Rift Valley

The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Essays

The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is valid, realistic, representation of the adolescent world. The book is about adolescent crisis. The main character, Holden, runs away from his expensive school because he is an academic failure and finds intolerable the company of so many phoneys. Holden is a rangy sixteen year old who has grown too fast. Girls are on his mind. Whenever girls do something pretty, even if theyre ugly or stupid, you fall half in love with them. Sex is something I really dont understand too hot. You never know where the hell you are. I keep making up these sex rules for myself, and then I break them right away. Last year I made up a rule that I was†¦show more content†¦Yet, Holdens own sex drive is very much alive; it is part of the irresistible thrust toward adulthood. He does not want to deny it; in this respect he wants to be grown up. The action of the novel is centered around the athlete Stradlater, who is a very sexy bastard, and who has borrowed Holdens jacket and girl. When he returns from the date Holden provokes him into a fight. Get your dirty stinking moron knees off my chest, says Caulfield to Stradlater. Youre a stupid dirty sonuvabitch of a moron. After the fight he goes next door to Ackleys room for companionship. That guy had everything wrong with him; sinus trouble, pimples, lousy teeth, halitosis, crumby fingernails. You had to feel a little sorry for the crazy sonuvabitch. But he can find no comfort or solace in the room which stinks of dirty socks. I felt so lonesome, all of a sudden, I almost wished I was dead.4 It is, however, the imminently dangerous quality of sex that is frightening. When Holden asks his roommate if he had sex, Thats a professional secret, buddy. When Holden recalls for this sexy bastard how he had met Jane and goes on to say that he used to play checkers with her. Stradlaters contemptuous comment is Checkers, for Chrissake! This girl, who had had a lousy childhood with a booze hound for a stepfather running around the goddamn house naked, always kept her kings in the back row.5 The symbolism of thisShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1223 Words   |  5 PagesIn J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is portrayed as a young, troubled individual. He tells us his story from the mental institution where he is currently residing. Holden is a 16 year old going through many different adolescent changes. He is expelled from his prep school for flunking too many subjects. He drinks, smokes, sees a prostitute, is punched by her pimp, goes on dates, spends a great deal of time in the park, and really does not do a great deal else. HoldenRead MoreThe Importance of Censoring in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1145 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican author well known for his best seller The Catcher in the Rye, a considerably influential novel that portrayed the feelings of alienation that were experienced by adolescents in North America after World War II (J.D. Salinger Biography). Salinger’s work appeared in many magazines, including a series of short stories which inspired many new authors (J.D. Salinger Biography). His inspiration for Pencey Prep boarding school in The Catcher in the Rye stemmed from his own difficult education at aRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper proposes to delineate the characteristics of Holden Caulfield, the adolescent protagonist hero of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and illuminate the reasons as to why this prototype of brooding adolescence, displaying a rather uber-cool style of disaffection, disenchantment and disillusionment became an indispensable figure of interest, in literary circles as well as popular culture. The paper seeks to take issue with the wider dimensions attached to the ‘incapacitation and debilitation’Read MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Mental Breakdown1384 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salinger s The Catcher in the Rye portrays a troubled teen in New York City. Over the few days the novel depicts, the boy displays his critical and unhealthy mindset. Eventually he has a mental breakdown. Through psychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield, one may suggest that Allie s death, social development, and an identity crisis are large contributing factors in Holden s mental breakdown. Allie Caulfield is an important person to Holden and his death affects him greatly. In response to hisRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Themes of Society and Growing Up1366 Words   |  6 PagesThemes of Society and Growing Up in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   In reading J.D. Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salingers catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic andRead MoreGrief: The Reason Behind Personal Fable and Imaginary Audience988 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life is so bad, that nobody out there in the world could possibly be going through the same pain as they are. They feel watched and judged. These people believe they are unique and rare. Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and Lindsay Weir, a character from the TV Show, Freaks and Geeks, share similarities with dealing with grief through personal fables and imaginary audience. The definition of personal fable is where someone believes that they are unique inRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger: A Review1887 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Catcher in the Rye Introduction The Catcher in the Rye, a novel by J. D. Salinger, was first published in 1951. The novel deals with the themes of identity, belonging, connection, and alienation. The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is a cynical sixteen year-old with prematurely gray hair that makes him appear older than his age. Holden is caught at the awkward age between adolescence and adulthood as he searches for his identity. Set in the 1940s, the story begins with Holden recoveringRead MoreThe Catcher Of The Rye, By F. D. Salinger1795 Words   |  8 Pagesunderwent a tremendous change in structure as well as philosophy. J. D. Salinger’s book The Catcher in the Rye helped contribute to this revolution by highlighting new philosophies in literature. This is evident in pre-1950 writing as well as the changes that persisted through the remaining part of the decade, especially in the writing style popularized during the Great Depression. The Catcher in the Rye also contributed to a change in conflict. This conflict started as an external object to overcomeRead MoreThe Catcher Of The Rye By F. D. Salinger1795 Words   |  8 Pagesunderwent a tremendous change in structure as well as philosophy. J. D. Salinger’s book The Catcher in the Rye helped contribute to this revolution by highlighting new philosophies in literature. This is evident in pre-1950 writing as well as the changes that persisted through the remaining part of the decade, especially in the writing style popularized during the Great Depression. The Catcher in the Rye also contributed to a change in conflict. This conflict started as an external object to overcomeRead MoreThe Search For Self Identity827 Words   |  4 Pages(Bernstein, 2008). Erikson believed that identity emerges from an identity crisis, which is the phase when one attempts to develop a self-image as a unique person by using knowledge from childhood. Based off of Erikson’s work, James Marcia formed the four identity statuses of identity development: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement (Oswalt). In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caulfield struggles as he attempts to find his

10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis Free Essays

10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis: A Readability Study Teachers should consider assessing the textbooks they are planning to use in the classroom. Textbook evaluations and assessing students’ connections with texts are important tasks for content area teachers and students (Vacca, 2002). Teachers are constantly assessing the suitability of reading material for their students. We will write a custom essay sample on 10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Readability can be defined as the grade level at which a document is written. Readability is concerned with the factors that affect students’ success in reading and understanding a text. These factors include the legibility of the print and illustrations, the motivation and interest of the reader, and the reading level of the text in relation to the reading ability of the reader (Johnson, 1998). These key ideas of readability are at the heart of choosing the best textbooks for students. There are many readability formulas or indexes teachers can use to objectively measure the readability of textbooks. Many readability formulas have been developed as a result of research evidence (Johnson, 1998). Most readability formula and index values are calculated by measuring sentence length and word familiarity or word length to determine a grade-level score for text passages (Vacca, 2002). There are several widely used readability formulas. The Fry Readability Graph was developed by Edward Fry in 1977 for the purpose of predicting readability. It is a quick and simple readability formula. He used the common formula variables of syllables per 100 words and words per sentence. The user marks the counts of the variables on a graph and then reads the readability grade score directly from it. The graph was designed to identify the grade-level score for materials from grade 1 though college and can predict the difficulty of the material within one grade level (Vacca, 2002). Flesch-Kincaid Formula was developed to be used as a US Government Department of Defense standard test. The formula uses two factors: the average number of syllables per 100 words and the average number of words per sentence. The score in this case indicates a grade level (Johnson, 1998). Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index is automatically calculated on Microsoft ® Word documents. Microsoft ® Word will display readability statistics after it has completed a grammar check, which is accessible from the tool bar (Arnold, n. d. ). Dale-Chall Readability Formula has a 3,000 â€Å"familiar word† list which is used as a guide to identify â€Å"difficult words†. This formula uses two factors: the average sentence length and the percentage of unfamiliar, or difficult, words (Intervention, n. . ). Gunning’s ‘FOG’ Readability Formula is suitable for secondary and older primary age groups. Gunning proposed counting words of three or more syllables, assigning them as â€Å"hard words†. The formula is based on two counts, that of average sentence length and the percentage of â€Å"hard words† (Johnson, 1998). The ‘SMOG’ Formula tends to give higher values t han the other formulas because it was intended to predict the level necessary for 90 – 100% comprehension of the reading material, i. e. when the SMOG formula yields a readability score of ten for a particular textbook, the students reading on a tenth grade level will be reading the material with 90 to 100% accuracy (Johnson, 1998). FORCAST Formula was devised for assessing US army technical manuals and is not suitable for primary age materials. But, because it is one of the only formulas that does not need whole sentences, it is suitable for assessing notes and test questions. The only factor used to calculate the FORCAST formula is the number of single-syllable words found in a sample of 150 total words (Johnson, 1998). According to Vacca (2002), the Close Procedure does not use a formula to determine readability. This procedure determines how well students can read a particular reading passage as a result of their interaction with the reading material. In this method every nth word is deleted from the passage, leaving a blank in its space. The passage is given to students to fill in the missing words and the completed passage is used to evaluate students’ ability to accurately supply the missing words. The General Textbook Readability Checklist is a checklist that focuses on the understandability, usability, and interestability of a textbook. This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology. Method Materials Materials used in this study included a 10th grade biology textbook, Modern Biology as well as the procedural guidelines for each of the readability formulas that will be used to assess the textbook. Procedure 18 passages were randomly selected from the Modern Biology textbook and the appropriate pages photocopied. The photocopied passages were then placed into 5 groups having three samples each (Fry Readability Graph Group- Appendix A, Flesch-Kincaid Formula Group- Appendix B, Dale-Chall Readability Formula Group –Appendix D, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula Group- Appendix E, and FORCAST Formula Group- Appendix G), and three separate groups containing one passage each (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index Group- Appendix C, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula Group- Appendix F, and Cloze Procedure Group- Appendix H). A more subjective measure was used in the General Textbook Readability Checklist (Appendix I). Procedures were followed for each of the Formulas and Indexes, and results were tabulated and reported. A brief summary and discussion were included in the write-up. Results and Discussion This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology. As table 2 illustrates, the Flesch-Kincaid Formula (10. 8 grade, 15. 8 years old) was the only readability method that supported the teacher’s decision to use this textbook. The Fry Readability Graph (Table 1) indicated that the textbook was at an 8th grade level (13 years old). The remaining objective methods for readability, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index refer to Table 3 (12 grade), Dale-Chall Readability Index (Table 4 -16 grade), Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability refer to Table 5 (13. 6 grade, 18. 6 years old), McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula see Table 6 (13. 1 grade, 18. 1 years old), and the FORCAST Formula see Table 7 (12. grade, 17. 1 years old) indicated that the textbook reading would be too difficult for a 10th grader. In an attempt to produce a more cohesive point on the scale of readability, the averages of six tests (Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Dale-Chall Readability Index, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readabilty, McLaughlin Ã¢â‚¬Ë œSMOG’ Formula, and the FORCAST Formula) were found for the textbook. As illustrated in Table 10, the average grade for this text is found to be at the 12th grade. The Close Readability Procedure results also indicate that the reading level is to difficult for the 10th grade class (Table 8). According to the General Textbook Readability Checklist the textbook is strongest in its usability and weakest in its understandability (Table 9). I really am not surprised that the results indicate that the textbook is too difficult for the 10th grade student. Science textbooks are probably inherently more difficult to read because the subject matter is more complex as is the terminology. Although these tests didn’t provide the desired results, there is a lot of similarities between them and I believe that they are still good measures of the readability of textbooks. How to cite 10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis, Essay examples

The eight moral philosophies Essay Example For Students

The eight moral philosophies Essay As I answered the eight questions about my own moral philosophies I realized that before this I had no idea. It had never even crossed my mind. I would just go about my day-to-day life, make my decisions and move right a long with no regard to where they were coming from. This paper alone has changed the way I analyze my actions not to mention my understanding of them. Coming from a split family I was bombarded with contradictory views and morals. My father, a wealthy businessman remarried with a new kid, has always preached duty and reason. He makes choices depending on how he would want others to make them. He always thinks about his actions thoroughly before deciding what to do. Weighing out all possible consequences. He taught me to be honest and to fallow the rules knowing that I would not want to be lied to or cheated. His logic and reason amazes me. When we argue he always challenges my side in a way that makes me look wrong no matter what the topic is to be sure I see where he is coming from (which makes it very hard to argue with him). If there were an opposite of him it would be my mother. She practices more egoism and situationism. I am much like her, or have been in the past, in the way that I want what is good for me in the moment. She is very impulsive and usually expects to get something, whether it is a pat on the back or a sack of money. At the same time though she would do anything for my brother and I. She has in the past given us the last penny in her wallet even though it means she will not be able to do something for herself. There is not a doubt in my mind that my mom will be there for me anytime I need her. Both my parents have influenced me along with a mix of so many others. We will write a custom essay on The eight moral philosophies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I have a friend back home who is a very disciplined vegan and also a mild animal rights activist. Every time he does something he thinks about what the effect will be on nature. I have never seen him touch meat, or litter, or drive a car, or wear leather, or even think about keeping a pet. Nature and its natural state are that important to him and it impresses me so much. I lack that conviction in my life for something and just seeing him appreciate something so simple yet so large inspires me to find my own thing. I also had a teacher in high school who was that confident about her beliefs and lucky or me it was her belief in teaching. She worked at a school that didn’t pay her very well and didn’t appreciate her at all because she loved to teach and supported the environment of an all girls school. She gave everything she had for her students while sacrificing her own money, time and life. Writing about both of these people and their lives has made me consider my own belief system, or at least where I am coming from but I have yet to do anything about it. To tell you the truth I have been very nave on the subject of moral philosophies until now so I would have to say that they have not changed ever. I do, however, want to change them. I want to learn and grow and find something like teaching that means so much to me that I would forfeit my own personal gain for it. When I was younger I was asked to choose between my parents. At the time my mom was in a very depressed place so I decided to go and take care of her. She needed me for moral support and even though I should have stayed with my dad I knew without me she would not make it. I know now that I gave up so much of my child hood to be my mother’s mother but I love her so much that I would do it again in a