Hunger in Ethiopia Essay - 1195 Words

How would you feel if your body slowly turns on you, devouring the cells that make up your very being? What would you do if you were so weak that you couldn’t even hold a loved one in your arms? How would you feel if you couldn’t think straight because the pain of hunger was so intense? What would you do..? Starvation results in a series of devastating events that can ultimately lead to death. When a person eats, the body extracts needed nutrients for cellular maintenance and repair. This requires energy which is provided for by the metabolism of the food. If we consume more than what is required at that time, our body stores the excess as adipose tissue or fat. This fat serves as a reserve of potential energy in times of a†¦show more content†¦The location and geography of the country has caused the people to experience famine after famine, leaving many to die from starvation. A famine is in definition, â€Å"A great shortage or an extreme scarcity of food over an extended period of time† (Webster). There are several different types of famine that occur in different types of the world. The type that Ethiopia generally goes through is called a Ravallion. During a Ravallion famine, there are unusually large amounts of causalities with extreme shortages of food i n certain parts of the population. There are many things that cause famine, whether it’s draught, plague, or civil disrupt. Right now, Ethiopia is experiencing a draught that has killed almost all of their crops. Because of the famines that Ethiopia experiences most every year, there is usually an increase in the amount of people malnourished. This year, 11to 14 million people are expected to go hungry leaving many to starve to death. Ethiopia has experienced many draughts like these, the worst however, being in 1983. This draught lasted two years and the draught alone killed over 400,000 people in one year, this doesn’t include the deaths that were due to starvation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia). Another factor that causes starvation in Ethiopia is its economy. Ethiopia is in and has always been in a very poor economic state. Crops account for 41% of the country’s GDP however; theShow MoreRelatedPoverty And The Hung er Epidemic1659 Words   |  7 Pagesliving. One such example is Ethiopia in Africa, and it is a hot zone of the hunger epidemic. Poor nutrition causes nearly half of the deaths in children under 5 ( 3.1 million children each year), as well as on a lesser note 1 in 4 of the world s children have their growth stunted because of hunger. Meanwhile agriculture is a staple in most economies and Ethiopia is without that suffering leaving it with no food security. Ethiopia is in dire need of help with its hunger problem because solving theRead MoreHunger in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Astonishing Truth Behind Starvation1717 Words   |  7 PagesAIDS and hunger, and more than 90 percent of the people are suffering long term malnourishment. (World Health Organization) In addition to this, measles are taking the life of a boy almost every minute, when a measles vaccine cost less than $1. (WHO, World Health Organization) Things are moving in the wrong direction, says Marc Cohen (International F ood Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Washington). If we look at sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, all the projections are that poverty and hunger are goingRead MoreHunger Is A Growing Phenomenon1459 Words   |  6 Pagessatisfying the hunger level of the basic human hierarchical needs, hunger supersedes the mere headache, nausea, or mood irritability. We have coined the word – world hunger to group these individuals together, and quite frankly, for these individuals, their only concern in the world, is whether death or their next meal will come first. World hunger is a growing phenomenon that requires proper understating and a fighting effort from all members of the world as loving caring human beings. Hunger is a veryRead MoreEconomic Development Of A Country s Economy Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to the known developed countries like Germany, Norway, Canada etc. In Ethiopia the annual GDP per capita is $505 in 2013 (Indicators), while Libya’s annual GDP per capita is $11,964 in 2013 (Indicators) and the United States of America annual GDP per capita is $53,042 in 2013 (Indicators). Libya being one of countries in Africa that are above the average, when compared to the USA it is about 4 times poorer, Ethiopia is about 100 times poorer when compared to the USA, now this comparison doesRead MoreHunger in Africa905 Words   |  4 PagesRich Summative Task HUNGER IN AFRICA Christine Mande HEOR-02 Mr.Dragan January 18th 2013 Hunger is one of the most common problems in the world. It is such a dangerous thing. It kills more people in a year than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. Many countries struggle with famine and they don’t have much help either. Countries like Somalia, Ethiopia, Mozambique and Sudan are some of the countries that suffer from hunger more than others do. In Africa there are 60% of peopleRead MoreImproving Clean Water And Sanitation1651 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest is improving clean water and sanitation. The specific country of interest is Ethiopia, the landlocked country located at the horn of Africa. Although Ethiopia has experienced significant economic growth and declining poverty they are still susceptible to issues such as disease, climate related crisis, and drought. High rates of infant and maternal mortality remain as well as limited access to clean water. Ethiopia is the second most populated Sub-Saharan African country with 99.39 million inhabitantsRead MoreEthiopi A Country That Is Not Very Better?1127 Words   |  5 Pages6. Ethiopia Throughout our lives we tend to focus in the people that surround us, people in our neighborhood, city and country. We might know a few facts about different countries, but 90% of the information that we think we know is from movies, television, school, books, etc; it means that we are probably very far away from the reality. We live in a bubble were we think that everyone else has a life not very different from ours. You might hear about hunger, diseases or political issues in otherRead MoreWhat Are The Causes Of Famine In Four Countries764 Words   |  4 Pagessecurity issues, with Somalia at 2.9 million, South Sudan at 4.9 million, and Yemen with 14.1 million. These four countries have failed to come up with a solution to their famine problem similar to Kenya. In 2015, 1.6 million Kenyans suffered from hunger; now the number has risen by a substantial amount. In 2017, the number of Kenyans going hungry has doubled to 3 million. Although Kenya isn’t deemed one of the four countries with the most severe cases of famine, the crisis at hand, as well as theRead MoreEthiopi A Poor Resource Country986 Words   |  4 Pagesneed of advanced medical care. Ethiopia is located in the east-central part of Africa. Healthcare options are limited, running water is scarce, mortality rates are continually incre asing, nevertheless Ethiopia is continually making strides to solve these challenging issues. 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The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Essays

The Adolescent Crisis of The Catcher in the Rye Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is valid, realistic, representation of the adolescent world. The book is about adolescent crisis. The main character, Holden, runs away from his expensive school because he is an academic failure and finds intolerable the company of so many phoneys. Holden is a rangy sixteen year old who has grown too fast. Girls are on his mind. Whenever girls do something pretty, even if theyre ugly or stupid, you fall half in love with them. Sex is something I really dont understand too hot. You never know where the hell you are. I keep making up these sex rules for myself, and then I break them right away. Last year I made up a rule that I was†¦show more content†¦Yet, Holdens own sex drive is very much alive; it is part of the irresistible thrust toward adulthood. He does not want to deny it; in this respect he wants to be grown up. The action of the novel is centered around the athlete Stradlater, who is a very sexy bastard, and who has borrowed Holdens jacket and girl. When he returns from the date Holden provokes him into a fight. Get your dirty stinking moron knees off my chest, says Caulfield to Stradlater. Youre a stupid dirty sonuvabitch of a moron. After the fight he goes next door to Ackleys room for companionship. That guy had everything wrong with him; sinus trouble, pimples, lousy teeth, halitosis, crumby fingernails. You had to feel a little sorry for the crazy sonuvabitch. But he can find no comfort or solace in the room which stinks of dirty socks. I felt so lonesome, all of a sudden, I almost wished I was dead.4 It is, however, the imminently dangerous quality of sex that is frightening. When Holden asks his roommate if he had sex, Thats a professional secret, buddy. When Holden recalls for this sexy bastard how he had met Jane and goes on to say that he used to play checkers with her. Stradlaters contemptuous comment is Checkers, for Chrissake! This girl, who had had a lousy childhood with a booze hound for a stepfather running around the goddamn house naked, always kept her kings in the back row.5 The symbolism of thisShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1223 Words   |  5 PagesIn J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield is portrayed as a young, troubled individual. He tells us his story from the mental institution where he is currently residing. Holden is a 16 year old going through many different adolescent changes. He is expelled from his prep school for flunking too many subjects. He drinks, smokes, sees a prostitute, is punched by her pimp, goes on dates, spends a great deal of time in the park, and really does not do a great deal else. HoldenRead MoreThe Importance of Censoring in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1145 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican author well known for his best seller The Catcher in the Rye, a considerably influential novel that portrayed the feelings of alienation that were experienced by adolescents in North America after World War II (J.D. Salinger Biography). Salinger’s work appeared in many magazines, including a series of short stories which inspired many new authors (J.D. Salinger Biography). His inspiration for Pencey Prep boarding school in The Catcher in the Rye stemmed from his own difficult education at aRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper proposes to delineate the characteristics of Holden Caulfield, the adolescent protagonist hero of J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and illuminate the reasons as to why this prototype of brooding adolescence, displaying a rather uber-cool style of disaffection, disenchantment and disillusionment became an indispensable figure of interest, in literary circles as well as popular culture. 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Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salingers catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic andRead MoreGrief: The Reason Behind Personal Fable and Imaginary Audience988 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life is so bad, that nobody out there in the world could possibly be going through the same pain as they are. They feel watched and judged. These people believe they are unique and rare. Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and Lindsay Weir, a character from the TV Show, Freaks and Geeks, share similarities with dealing with grief through personal fables and imaginary audience. The definition of personal fable is where someone believes that they are unique inRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger: A Review1887 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Catcher in the Rye Introduction The Catcher in the Rye, a novel by J. D. Salinger, was first published in 1951. The novel deals with the themes of identity, belonging, connection, and alienation. The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is a cynical sixteen year-old with prematurely gray hair that makes him appear older than his age. Holden is caught at the awkward age between adolescence and adulthood as he searches for his identity. Set in the 1940s, the story begins with Holden recoveringRead MoreThe Catcher Of The Rye, By F. D. Salinger1795 Words   |  8 Pagesunderwent a tremendous change in structure as well as philosophy. J. D. Salinger’s book The Catcher in the Rye helped contribute to this revolution by highlighting new philosophies in literature. 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10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis Free Essays

10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis: A Readability Study Teachers should consider assessing the textbooks they are planning to use in the classroom. Textbook evaluations and assessing students’ connections with texts are important tasks for content area teachers and students (Vacca, 2002). Teachers are constantly assessing the suitability of reading material for their students. We will write a custom essay sample on 10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Readability can be defined as the grade level at which a document is written. Readability is concerned with the factors that affect students’ success in reading and understanding a text. These factors include the legibility of the print and illustrations, the motivation and interest of the reader, and the reading level of the text in relation to the reading ability of the reader (Johnson, 1998). These key ideas of readability are at the heart of choosing the best textbooks for students. There are many readability formulas or indexes teachers can use to objectively measure the readability of textbooks. Many readability formulas have been developed as a result of research evidence (Johnson, 1998). Most readability formula and index values are calculated by measuring sentence length and word familiarity or word length to determine a grade-level score for text passages (Vacca, 2002). There are several widely used readability formulas. The Fry Readability Graph was developed by Edward Fry in 1977 for the purpose of predicting readability. It is a quick and simple readability formula. He used the common formula variables of syllables per 100 words and words per sentence. The user marks the counts of the variables on a graph and then reads the readability grade score directly from it. The graph was designed to identify the grade-level score for materials from grade 1 though college and can predict the difficulty of the material within one grade level (Vacca, 2002). Flesch-Kincaid Formula was developed to be used as a US Government Department of Defense standard test. The formula uses two factors: the average number of syllables per 100 words and the average number of words per sentence. The score in this case indicates a grade level (Johnson, 1998). Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index is automatically calculated on Microsoft ® Word documents. Microsoft ® Word will display readability statistics after it has completed a grammar check, which is accessible from the tool bar (Arnold, n. d. ). Dale-Chall Readability Formula has a 3,000 â€Å"familiar word† list which is used as a guide to identify â€Å"difficult words†. This formula uses two factors: the average sentence length and the percentage of unfamiliar, or difficult, words (Intervention, n. . ). Gunning’s ‘FOG’ Readability Formula is suitable for secondary and older primary age groups. Gunning proposed counting words of three or more syllables, assigning them as â€Å"hard words†. The formula is based on two counts, that of average sentence length and the percentage of â€Å"hard words† (Johnson, 1998). The ‘SMOG’ Formula tends to give higher values t han the other formulas because it was intended to predict the level necessary for 90 – 100% comprehension of the reading material, i. e. when the SMOG formula yields a readability score of ten for a particular textbook, the students reading on a tenth grade level will be reading the material with 90 to 100% accuracy (Johnson, 1998). FORCAST Formula was devised for assessing US army technical manuals and is not suitable for primary age materials. But, because it is one of the only formulas that does not need whole sentences, it is suitable for assessing notes and test questions. The only factor used to calculate the FORCAST formula is the number of single-syllable words found in a sample of 150 total words (Johnson, 1998). According to Vacca (2002), the Close Procedure does not use a formula to determine readability. This procedure determines how well students can read a particular reading passage as a result of their interaction with the reading material. In this method every nth word is deleted from the passage, leaving a blank in its space. The passage is given to students to fill in the missing words and the completed passage is used to evaluate students’ ability to accurately supply the missing words. The General Textbook Readability Checklist is a checklist that focuses on the understandability, usability, and interestability of a textbook. This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology. Method Materials Materials used in this study included a 10th grade biology textbook, Modern Biology as well as the procedural guidelines for each of the readability formulas that will be used to assess the textbook. Procedure 18 passages were randomly selected from the Modern Biology textbook and the appropriate pages photocopied. The photocopied passages were then placed into 5 groups having three samples each (Fry Readability Graph Group- Appendix A, Flesch-Kincaid Formula Group- Appendix B, Dale-Chall Readability Formula Group –Appendix D, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula Group- Appendix E, and FORCAST Formula Group- Appendix G), and three separate groups containing one passage each (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index Group- Appendix C, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula Group- Appendix F, and Cloze Procedure Group- Appendix H). A more subjective measure was used in the General Textbook Readability Checklist (Appendix I). Procedures were followed for each of the Formulas and Indexes, and results were tabulated and reported. A brief summary and discussion were included in the write-up. Results and Discussion This purpose of this study was to examine textbook readability by applying several readability formulas, including the Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, Dale-Chall Readability Formula, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability Formula, McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula, FORCAST Formula, Cloze Procedure and the General Textbook Readability Checklist, to a biology textbook titled, Modern Biology. As table 2 illustrates, the Flesch-Kincaid Formula (10. 8 grade, 15. 8 years old) was the only readability method that supported the teacher’s decision to use this textbook. The Fry Readability Graph (Table 1) indicated that the textbook was at an 8th grade level (13 years old). The remaining objective methods for readability, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index refer to Table 3 (12 grade), Dale-Chall Readability Index (Table 4 -16 grade), Gunning ‘FOG’ Readability refer to Table 5 (13. 6 grade, 18. 6 years old), McLaughlin ‘SMOG’ Formula see Table 6 (13. 1 grade, 18. 1 years old), and the FORCAST Formula see Table 7 (12. grade, 17. 1 years old) indicated that the textbook reading would be too difficult for a 10th grader. In an attempt to produce a more cohesive point on the scale of readability, the averages of six tests (Fry Readability Graph, Flesch-Kincaid Formula, Dale-Chall Readability Index, Gunning ‘FOG’ Readabilty, McLaughlin Ã¢â‚¬Ë œSMOG’ Formula, and the FORCAST Formula) were found for the textbook. As illustrated in Table 10, the average grade for this text is found to be at the 12th grade. The Close Readability Procedure results also indicate that the reading level is to difficult for the 10th grade class (Table 8). According to the General Textbook Readability Checklist the textbook is strongest in its usability and weakest in its understandability (Table 9). I really am not surprised that the results indicate that the textbook is too difficult for the 10th grade student. Science textbooks are probably inherently more difficult to read because the subject matter is more complex as is the terminology. Although these tests didn’t provide the desired results, there is a lot of similarities between them and I believe that they are still good measures of the readability of textbooks. How to cite 10th Grade Biology Textbook Analysis, Essay examples